How does "perfectionism" function as a defense mechanism for underachieving students?

Perfectionism can often be a double-edged sword, particularly for underachieving students. In this context, when students set unrealistic goals, they may establish standards that are so high that achieving them becomes nearly impossible. This creates a situation where the students are bound to fail, leading them to avoid tasks altogether to escape the negative feelings associated with failure. By failing to meet these impractical expectations, they can rationalize their lack of performance as a failure due to the impossibility of the tasks rather than their own efforts or abilities. In essence, the unattainable nature of their goals protects them from confronting underlying issues, such as fear of failure or lack of self-confidence.

This dynamic serves as a defense mechanism; it allows the students to maintain a semblance of control over their circumstances by attributing their non-performance to the unrealistic demands they placed on themselves rather than their inability or lack of effort. Consequently, perfectionism not only hampers their motivation but can also lead to chronic dissatisfaction and disengagement from academic pursuits.