How does Ericson characterize the knowledge organization of experts compared to novices?

Ericsson characterizes the knowledge organization of experts in a way that highlights their ability to understand and apply concepts across various contexts, which reflects a deeper level of cognitive processing and a more integrated understanding of knowledge. Experts have typically developed extensive frameworks that allow them to categorize and relate information more effectively than novices. This allows them to transfer ideas and skills learned in one area to different situations or problems.

In contrast, novices often lack these organized frameworks, which can restrict their ability to see connections between concepts or apply what they’ve learned in new situations. Therefore, the capacity for transfer across contexts is a hallmark of expert knowledge and distinguishes them from beginners, who may be more task-focused and limited in their application of what they have memorized. This transferability is grounded in the expert’s deep understanding, which enables them to approach problems flexibly and creatively.